What is oxidation reaction class 10

Here you will find the answer to what is oxidation reaction for class 10 students. You will get the definition of oxidation reaction, oxidation on the basis of electron transfer method and examples.

Oxidation Reaction Definition Class 10 

When a substance gains oxygen during the reaction, the reaction is called an oxidation reaction.

                                   Or

A reaction in which the addition of oxygen to a substance or removal of hydrogen from a substance is called an oxidation reaction.

            2Mg  + O₂  →2MgO

In the above reaction, magnesium gains oxygen to form magnesium oxide, so this is an oxidation reaction.

The above definition of oxidation reaction is not sufficient.

Oxidation reaction can also be defined on the following basis-

 

1. Addition of oxygen to a substance

When oxygen is added or increased to a substance, the substance gets oxidised.

       S + O₂  →SO₂

Sulphur gains oxygen and gets oxidised to sulphur dioxide.

2. Addition of a negative element to a substance

When an electro-negative element is added or increased to a substance, the substance gets oxidised.

   Mg  + Cl₂ →MgCl₂

Chlorine is added to magnesium that gets oxidised to magnesium chloride.

 

3. Removal of hydrogen from a substance

 If hydrogen is removed or decreased from a substance, the substance gets oxidised.

       2H₂S  + O₂ → 2H₂O  +S

Here, hydrogen sulphide is oxidised to sulphur.

4. Removal of the positive element from a substance

  If electro-positive is removed or decreased from a substance, the substance gets oxidised.

   

2KI + Cl₂ → 2KCl   + I₂

Here, potassium iodide is oxidised to iodine.

 

So, these are the four conditions in which a substance gets oxidised.

Oxidation in terms of electron transfer

Those reactions in which atoms, ions or molecules donate or lose electrons are oxidation reactions.

In oxidation reactions, the neutral atom becomes a cation or the charge on the cation increases or the negative charge decreases.

(i). Na →Na⁺ + e^-

 

Sodium atom losses one electron and oxidised to sodium cation.

(ii). Fe²⁺  →Fe³⁺ +  e^-

 The iron (II) cation lost one electron and oxidized to the iron(III) cation, so the positive charge increased.

(iii).2Cl^-    → Cl₂ + 2e^-

Chlorine ions lose electrons and oxidized to neutral chlorine molecule.

So these reactions show that in an oxidation reaction, the neutral atom becomes a cation or the charge on the cation increases or the charge on the negative ion decreases.

Examples of Oxidation Reaction

Following are some examples of an oxidation reaction

1. 2Na + Cl₂ → 2NaCl

2. 2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO

3. C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2CO₂ + 2C₂H₅OH

4. Cu + 2AgNO₃ → Cu(NO₃)₂ + 2Ag

5. FeS₂ + O₂ → Fe₂O₃ + SO₂

6. 2H₂S + SO₂ → 3S + 2H₂O

7. 2H₂O₂ → 2H₂O + O₂      

Explain the effects of oxidation reactions in everyday life

 On the basis of class 10 Chemical reactions and equations, we will discuss the effects of oxidation reactions in everyday life.

   1.  Corrosion

   2.  Rancidity

   3.  Combustion 

   4.  Respiration

   5.  Spoilage of food

   1.  Corrosion: - When metals are exposed to air, they undergo the process of corrosion due to the oxidation reaction of metal with atmospheric oxygen.

       

   2.  Rancidity: -It is a process of slow oxidation of oil and fats present in the food items resulting in the production of foul smell and taste.

    

   3.  Combustion: - It is a burning process.in this processes a substance combines with oxygen and burns to produce heat and light. This is an oxidation reaction.

 

   4.  Respiration: - This takes place in the presence of oxygen. Glucose is completely oxidised into CO2 and H2O.This is also known as aerobic respiration.

 

   5.  Spoilage of food: - When food items are exposed to the atmosphere for a long time, they become oxidised and get degraded.

 

Related Topics

1. What happens during a chemical reaction

FAQs

    

    1.  What is the role of oxidising agent in a reaction?

Ans. – An oxidising agent accepts an electron from another substance and gets reduced itself but oxidises the other substance.

    2.  What is an oxidising agent?

Ans.-  A substance that helps in the oxidation of another substance is called an oxidising agent.

   3.  How does an oxidizing agent participate in an oxidation reaction?

Ans.-  An oxidizing agent participates as an electron acceptor in an oxidation reaction.

   4.  Are there any real-life applications or significance of oxidation reactions that can be understood at the class 10 level?

Ans. – Rancidity, rusting of iron, corrosion, respiration and photosynthesis are some real-life significant oxidation reactions.