NIOS Class 10 Science Activity 10.5 Force and Motion

In this activity, we will learn about the Conservation of Momentum with a complete explanation. In the previous activity 10.4, we have already discussed Inertia.

NIOS Class 10 Science and Technology (212) Project File

This activity is based on the NIOS Class 10 science and technology (212) chapter 10, 'Force and Motion,' from module 3, 'Moving Things.'

Activity 10.5 – Fraction and Its Dependence on Surface and Weight

Aim of the activity

To observe how friction depends on surface and weight

Materials Required

    1. Table

    2. Inclined plane

    3. Glass sheet

    4. Sand

    5. Pencil cell

    6. Scale

Procedure

We set up an inclined plane on a table and mark a line near its top edge. Now we hold a pencil cell in this line and release it to allow sliding down the inclined plane and onto the table. When the cell stops, we measure how far the cell has travelled.

Now we place a smooth glass sheet on the table and repeat the activity, and measure the distance travelled again.

Finally, we replace the glass sheet with a layer of sand and repeat the activity, and observe.

 

Observation

 We observe that:

    1.  The pencil cell moves farthest on the glass sheet.

    2. It moves a shorter distance on the plain table.

    3. The cell travels the shortest distance on the sand.

Explanation

Friction is a force that always opposes motion. The pencil cell moves farthest on the glass sheet because it provides the least resistance or friction due to the smooth surface. But sand is rough, so it offers large friction, which slows down the moving cell.

Conclusion

We can conclude that:

    1.  Friction depends on the smoothness or roughness of the surface.

    2. A smooth surface offers less friction in comparison to a rough surface.

    3. Friction increases with the normal force.

    4. Heavy objects experience a large normal force, and so they experience more friction.

Frequently Asked Questions

    1. Which surface offers the least friction in the activity?

Answer – The glass sheet is smooth, so it offers the least friction.

    2. What is friction?

Answer – Friciton is a force that always opposes the motion between two surfaces in contact.

    3. Why is more force needed to move a heavy box?

Answer – Heavy objects exert more normal force, which increases the friction force, that’s why heavy objects need more force to move

   4. What factors affect friction?

Answer – Types of surfaces and the weight of the object affect the friction.

All Activities NIOS Class 10 Science Force and Motion

S.N.	Topics
1	Activity 10.1
2	Activity 10.2
3	Activity 10.3
4	Activity 10.4
5	Activity 10.5
6	Activity 10.6