This activity demonstrates how matter can change from one physical state to another. It also explains how temperature and pressure affect the physical states of matter.
NIOS Class 10 Science and Technology Project File
This activity is based on the NIOS
class 10 science and technology chapter 2, Matter in Our Surroundings.
Demonstrating the interconversion of three states of matter
Aim of the activity
To observe and understand the
inter-conversion of matter between solid, liquid and gaseous states.
Materials used in the activity
1. Ice cubes
2. Metal
container (heat resistant)
3. Gas
burner
4. Tongs
and gloves
Procedure
We take ice cubes and place in the
metal container. Now we place the container on the gas burner and start heating
slowly.
Observation
We can
see ice melt and become water, and on continued heating causes water to change into
vapour.
When the vapour is cooled down, it becomes
water, and on freezing, water changes back to ice.
Observation table
|
S.N. |
Initial
state |
Final
state |
Changes
|
Process
|
|
1 |
Solid(ice) |
Liquid(water) |
Melts
into water |
Melting |
|
2 |
Liquid
(water) |
Gas (steam) |
Changes
to steam |
Vaporization
|
|
3 |
Gas (steam) |
Liquid(water) |
Changes
to water |
Condensation
|
|
4 |
Liquid(water) |
Solid
(ice) |
Changes
to ice |
Freezing
|
Explanation
1. Melting
– Ice absorbs heat and changes to water.
2. Evaporation
– On continued heating, water changes into steam.
3. Condensation
– When vapour/steam is cooled down, and becomes water.
4. Freezing
– When water is further cooled down, it changes to ice.
When the matter (solid/liquid/gas) is
heated, it expands and contracts when cooled down.
Pressure has a negligible effect on solids
and liquid,s but it compresses gas easily.
Conclusion
We can conclude through this activity that-
1. Matter can change its physical state with a change in temperature.
2. Inter-conversion
of physical states is reversible and temporary.
3. Pressure
has a prominent effect on gases but a negligible effect on solids and liquids.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What
are the three states of matter?
Answer – Solid, liquid
and gas are the states of matter.
2. What
causes the change from one state to another?
Answer – The change in temperature causes
the change from one state to another.
3. What
is the melting point?
Answer – The temperature at which a solid starts
turning into a liquid, the temperature is called the melting point.
4. What
is the effect of pressure on gases?
Answer- Gases can be compressed by
applying pressure.
5. What
is the process of turning solid ice into water called?
Answer – The process is called melting or
fusion.
Related NIOS Class 10 Science Activities
S.N. | Related Topics |
1 | |
2 | |
3 | |
4 | |
5 | |
6 | Activity 2.4 |
7 |
|
8 |
|
9 |
|
10 |
|
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